#include "config.h"
#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
#include <utility>
#include <iterator>
#include <memory>
#include <utility>
#include <numbers>
#include <optional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <tuple>
#include <limits>
#include <array>
#include <ios>
#include <fstream>

#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <vulkan/vk_enum_string_helper.h>

#ifdef HAVE_NCURSES
#include <ncurses.h>
#endif

#include "fb/chfb.hpp"
#include "fb/pixfb.hpp"
#include "o3d/scene.hpp"
#include "o3d/mesh.hpp"
#include "o3d/obj3d.hpp"
#include "o3d/vertex_data.hpp"
#include "o3d/tri.hpp"
#include "o3d/camera.hpp"
#include "math/vector.hpp"
#include "math/mat4.hpp"
#include "math/quat.hpp"
#include "math/tform.hpp"
#include "ctrl/keyboard.hpp"
#include "ctrl/mouse.hpp"
#include "renderer.hpp"
#include "obj_parser.hpp"

using
    engine::Renderer,
    engine::fb::CharacterFrameBuffer,
    engine::fb::PixelFrameBuffer,
    engine::o3d::Scene,
    engine::o3d::Mesh,
    engine::o3d::Triangle,
    engine::o3d::Camera,
    engine::o3d::VertexData,
    engine::math::Vector2,
    engine::math::Vector3,
    engine::math::Vector4,
    engine::math::Matrix4,
    engine::math::Quaternion,
    engine::controllers::Keyboard,
    engine::controllers::KeyboardKey,
    engine::controllers::Mouse;

#define FPS 60

#define PI 3.1415926535f

#define MODE_HELP      0
#define MODE_TERM      1
#define MODE_GRAPHICAL 2

#define GAME_PLANE   0
#define GAME_SUZANNE 1
#define GAME_PHYSICS 2

#define GAME GAME_PHYSICS

static void print_usage(std::ostream& output_stream) {
    output_stream << "Usage: ./engine [-htg] [--help] [--term] [--graphical]\n"
                  << "  -h, --help        show usage (this)\n"
                  << "  -t, --term        terminal mode\n"
                  << "  -g, --graphical   graphical mode (default)\n"
                  << std::flush;
}

[[noreturn]]
static void usage_error_exit() {
    print_usage(std::cerr);
    std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

extern Camera* camera;
Camera* camera;

template<typename FrameBuffer, typename UpdateFrameFn>
static void scene_main(Renderer<FrameBuffer>& renderer, const Matrix4& final_transform_mat, UpdateFrameFn update_frame) {
    bool cont = true;
    Scene scene{
        {90.f * PI / 180.f, {{0.f, 1.8f, 7.f}, Quaternion::one(), {1.f, 1.f, 1.f}}},
        {
#if GAME == GAME_PLANE
            {
                Mesh::plane(2.f, 2.f),
                {
                    Vector3(0.f, 0.f, 0.f),
                    Quaternion::one(),
                    Vector3(1.f, 1.f, 1.f),
                }
            },
#elif GAME == GAME_SUZANNE
            {
                engine::parse_object(DATADIR "/assets/suzanne.obj"),
                {
                    Vector3(0.f, 0.f, 0.f),
                    Quaternion::one(),
                    Vector3(1.f, 1.f, 1.f),
                }
            },
#elif GAME == GAME_PHYSICS
            {
                Mesh::plane(10.f, 10.f),
                {
                    Vector3(0.f, 0.f, 0.f),
                    Quaternion::one(),
                    Vector3(1.f, 1.f, 1.f),
                }
            },
            {
                engine::parse_object(DATADIR "/assets/suzanne.obj"),
                {
                    Vector3(0.f, 1.f, 0.f),
                    Quaternion::one(),
                    Vector3(1.f, 1.f, 1.f),
                }
            },
#endif
        }
    };

    float rx = 0.f, ry = 0.f;
    Keyboard kb{[&](KeyboardKey key) {
        (void) key;
    }, [&](KeyboardKey key) {
        (void) key;
    }};
    Mouse mouse{[&](Vector2 rel) {
        rx += -rel.y;
        ry += -rel.x;
        if (rx < -PI / 2.f) rx = -PI / 2.f;
        if (rx >  PI / 2.f) rx =  PI / 2.f;
        scene.camera.transform.rot = Quaternion::euler_zxy(rx, ry, 0.f);
    }};

    camera = &scene.camera;

    while (cont) {
        renderer.clear();
        auto pre_final_mat = final_transform_mat
            * scene.camera.to_mat4(static_cast<float>(renderer.height()) / static_cast<float>(renderer.width()), .5f, 12.f);
        for (const auto& obj : scene.objs) {
            auto obj_mat = obj.transform.to_mat4();
            auto final_mat = pre_final_mat * obj_mat;
            const auto& mesh = obj.mesh;
            std::vector<Vector4> vertices;
            std::vector<VertexData> vertices_data;
            for (const auto& vertex : mesh.vertices) {
                vertices.push_back(final_mat * vertex);
                vertices_data.push_back(VertexData((obj_mat * vertex).xyz()));
            }
            for (const auto& triangle_indices : mesh.indices) {
                [&]<std::size_t... j>(std::integer_sequence<std::size_t, j...>) {
                    renderer.draw_triangle({{vertices[triangle_indices[j][0]], mesh.normals[triangle_indices[j][1]], vertices_data[triangle_indices[j][0]]}...});
                }(std::make_integer_sequence<std::size_t, 3>());
            }
        }
        cont = update_frame(scene, kb, mouse);

        Vector3 movement(0.f, 0.f, 0.f);
        if (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::fw))        movement.z += -1.f;
        if (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::key_left))  movement.x += -1.f;
        if (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::bw))        movement.z += +1.f;
        if (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::key_right)) movement.x += +1.f;
        if (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::fw) || kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::key_left)
            || kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::bw) || kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::key_right)) movement.normalize();
        scene.camera.transform.loc += movement.rot(Quaternion::rot_y(ry)) * .05f;
        scene.camera.fov = (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::zoom) ? 40.f : 80.f) * PI / 180.f;
    }
}

#ifdef HAVE_NCURSES
#define MKEY_ESC 27

static int main_term() {
    // init
    std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    initscr();
    cbreak();
    noecho();
    intrflush(stdscr, FALSE);
    keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
    set_escdelay(0);
    curs_set(0);

    int w, h;
    getmaxyx(stdscr, h, w);
    Renderer<CharacterFrameBuffer> renderer{CharacterFrameBuffer{static_cast<unsigned int>(w), static_cast<unsigned int>(h)}};

    scene_main(renderer, Matrix4::scale(Vector3(2.f, 1.f, 1.f)),
        [&](Scene& scene, auto& kb, auto& mouse) {
            (void) scene;
            mvaddnstr(0, 0, renderer.fb.chars(), renderer.width() * renderer.height());

            bool cont = true;
            std::optional<KeyboardKey> key;
            std::optional<Vector2> rel;
            //timeout(1000 / FPS);
            timeout(10);
            int c = getch();

            switch (c) {
            case 'z':
                key = KeyboardKey::fw;
                break;
            case 'q':
                key = KeyboardKey::key_left;
                break;
            case 's':
                key = KeyboardKey::bw;
                break;
            case 'd':
                key = KeyboardKey::key_right;
                break;
            case 'p':
                key = KeyboardKey::zoom;
                break;
            case KEY_UP:
                rel = Vector2(0.f, -.1f);
                break;
            case KEY_LEFT:
                rel = Vector2(-.1f, 0.f);
                break;
            case KEY_DOWN:
                rel = Vector2(0.f, +.1f);
                break;
            case KEY_RIGHT:
                rel = Vector2(+.1f, 0.f);
                break;
            case MKEY_ESC:
                return false;
            }

            if (key && *key == KeyboardKey::fw) {
                if (!kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::fw)) kb.key_down_event(KeyboardKey::fw);
            } else {
                if (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::fw)) kb.key_up_event(KeyboardKey::fw);
            }
            if (key && *key == KeyboardKey::key_left) {
                if (!kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::key_left)) kb.key_down_event(KeyboardKey::key_left);
            } else {
                if (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::key_left)) kb.key_up_event(KeyboardKey::key_left);
            }
            if (key && *key == KeyboardKey::bw) {
                if (!kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::bw)) kb.key_down_event(KeyboardKey::bw);
            } else {
                if (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::bw)) kb.key_up_event(KeyboardKey::bw);
            }
            if (key && *key == KeyboardKey::key_right) {
                if (!kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::key_right)) kb.key_down_event(KeyboardKey::key_right);
            } else {
                if (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::key_right)) kb.key_up_event(KeyboardKey::key_right);
            }

            if (key && *key == KeyboardKey::zoom) {
                if (kb.is_down(KeyboardKey::zoom)) kb.key_up_event(KeyboardKey::zoom);
                else kb.key_down_event(KeyboardKey::zoom);
            }

            if (rel)
                mouse.mouse_motion_event(*rel);

            getmaxyx(stdscr, h, w);
            renderer.resize(static_cast<unsigned int>(w), static_cast<unsigned int>(h));

            return cont;
        }
    );

    // terminate
    endwin();

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

#define SCREEN_WIDTH  640
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 480

static const std::vector<const char*> validation_layers = {
    "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation",
};

static const std::vector<const char*> device_exts = {
    VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
    VK_KHR_SPIRV_1_4_EXTENSION_NAME,
    VK_KHR_SYNCHRONIZATION_2_EXTENSION_NAME,
    VK_KHR_CREATE_RENDERPASS_2_EXTENSION_NAME,
};

#ifdef NDEBUG
const bool enable_validation_layers = false;
#else
const bool enable_validation_layers = true;
#endif

static bool check_validation_layer_support() {
    uint32_t layer_count;
    if (VkResult res = vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layer_count, nullptr); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to enumerate instance layer properties, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    std::vector<VkLayerProperties> available_layers(layer_count);
    if (VkResult res = vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layer_count, available_layers.data()); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to enumerate instance layer properties, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    for (const char* layer_name : validation_layers) {
        bool layer_found = false;

        for (const auto& layer_properties : available_layers) {
            if (strcmp(layer_name, layer_properties.layerName) == 0) {
                layer_found = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (!layer_found) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

static std::string severity_to_str(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT severity) {
    std::string s;
    bool first = true;
    if (severity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT) {
        if (!first)
            s += ", ";
        else
            first = false;
        s += "VERBOSE";
    }
    if (severity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT) {
        if (!first)
            s += ", ";
        else
            first = false;
        s += "INFO";
    }
    if (severity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT) {
        if (!first)
            s += ", ";
        else
            first = false;
        s += "WARNING";
    }
    if (severity & VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT) {
        if (!first)
            s += ", ";
        else
            first = false;
        s += "ERROR";
    }
    return s;
}

// TODO: remove [[maybe_unused]]
static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debug_callback(
        VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT message_severity,
        [[maybe_unused]] VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT message_type,
        const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* callback_data,
        [[maybe_unused]] void* user_data) {
    std::cerr << "validation layer: [" << severity_to_str(message_severity) << "] " << callback_data->pMessage << std::endl;
    return VK_FALSE;
}

static void populate_msger_create_info(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT& msger_create_info) {
    msger_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
    msger_create_info.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT
        | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT
        | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT
        | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
    msger_create_info.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT
        | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT
        | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
    msger_create_info.pfnUserCallback = debug_callback;
    msger_create_info.pUserData = nullptr;
}

static std::tuple<std::optional<uint32_t>, std::optional<uint32_t>> find_queue_family_indices(
        VkPhysicalDevice physical_device, const std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties2>& queue_family_properties, VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
    std::optional<uint32_t> graphics_queue_family_index, presentation_queue_family_index;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_family_properties.size(); i++) {
        const auto& prop = queue_family_properties[i];
        bool is_graphics_queue = (prop.queueFamilyProperties.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) != static_cast<VkQueueFlags>(0);
        VkBool32 is_presentation_queue;
        if (VkResult res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physical_device, i, surface, &is_presentation_queue); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to check if queue family supports surface, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        if (is_graphics_queue && is_presentation_queue) {
            graphics_queue_family_index = i;
            presentation_queue_family_index = i;
            break;
        } else if (is_graphics_queue && !graphics_queue_family_index) {
            graphics_queue_family_index = i;
        } else if (is_presentation_queue && !presentation_queue_family_index) {
            presentation_queue_family_index = i;
        }
    }
    return { graphics_queue_family_index, presentation_queue_family_index };
}

static void transition_image_layout(VkCommandBuffer cmd_buf, VkImage img,
        VkImageLayout old_layout, VkImageLayout new_layout,
        VkAccessFlags2 src_access_mask, VkAccessFlags2 dst_access_mask,
        VkPipelineStageFlags2 src_stage_mask, VkPipelineStageFlags2 dst_stage_mask) {
    VkImageMemoryBarrier2 img_mem_barrier {
        .sType               = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2,
        .pNext               = nullptr,
        .srcStageMask        = src_stage_mask,
        .srcAccessMask       = src_access_mask,
        .dstStageMask        = dst_stage_mask,
        .dstAccessMask       = dst_access_mask,
        .oldLayout           = old_layout,
        .newLayout           = new_layout,
        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
        .image               = img,
        .subresourceRange    = {
            .aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
            .baseMipLevel   = 0,
            .levelCount     = 1,
            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
            .layerCount     = 1,
        },
    };
    VkDependencyInfo dependency_info {
        .sType                    = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO,
        .pNext                    = nullptr,
        .dependencyFlags          = {},
        .memoryBarrierCount       = 0,
        .pMemoryBarriers          = {},
        .bufferMemoryBarrierCount = 0,
        .pBufferMemoryBarriers    = {},
        .imageMemoryBarrierCount  = 1,
        .pImageMemoryBarriers     = &img_mem_barrier,
    };
    vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(cmd_buf, &dependency_info);
}

static int main_graphical() {
    // init window
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, "Engine", nullptr, nullptr);

    // init Vulkan
    std::cout << "Vulkan loader version: "
        << VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR(VK_HEADER_VERSION_COMPLETE)
        << "." << VK_API_VERSION_MINOR(VK_HEADER_VERSION_COMPLETE)
        << "." << VK_API_VERSION_PATCH(VK_HEADER_VERSION_COMPLETE)
        << std::endl;

    // init Vulkan - create instance
    if (enable_validation_layers && !check_validation_layer_support()) {
        std::cerr << "validation layers requested, but not available!" << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    VkApplicationInfo app_info{};
    app_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
    app_info.pApplicationName = "engine - test";
    app_info.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
    app_info.pEngineName = "engine";
    app_info.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
    app_info.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_4;

    std::vector<const char*> extensions;

    {
        uint32_t glfw_extension_count;
        const char** glfw_extensions;
        glfw_extensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfw_extension_count);
        extensions.insert(extensions.end(), glfw_extensions, glfw_extensions + glfw_extension_count);
    }

    if (enable_validation_layers) {
        extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
    }

    uint32_t extension_count;
    if (VkResult res = vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extension_count, nullptr); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to enumerate instance extension properties, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> available_extensions(extension_count);
    if (VkResult res = vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extension_count, available_extensions.data()); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to enumerate instance extension properties, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    std::cout << "vulkan extensions:\n";
    for (const auto& extension : available_extensions) {
        std::cout
            << (std::ranges::find_if(extensions, [avail_ext_name=extension.extensionName](const auto& ext_name) { return strcmp(ext_name, avail_ext_name) == 0; })
                != extensions.end() ? "*" : " ");
        std::cout << " " << extension.extensionName << "\n";
    }

    std::cout << "\n";

    std::cout << "required extensions:\n";
    for (const auto& extension_name : extensions)
        std::cout << "  " << extension_name << "\n";

    VkInstanceCreateInfo create_info{};
    create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
    create_info.pApplicationInfo = &app_info;

    create_info.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
    create_info.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();

    VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT inst_msger_create_info{};
    if (enable_validation_layers) {
        create_info.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validation_layers.size());
        create_info.ppEnabledLayerNames = validation_layers.data();

        populate_msger_create_info(inst_msger_create_info);
        create_info.pNext = (VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT*) &inst_msger_create_info;
    } else {
        create_info.enabledLayerCount = 0;
        create_info.pNext = nullptr;
    }

    VkInstance instance;
    if (VkResult res = vkCreateInstance(&create_info, nullptr, &instance); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to create instance, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debug_messenger;
    if (enable_validation_layers) {
        VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT msger_create_info{};
        populate_msger_create_info(msger_create_info);

        auto create_debug_messenger = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
        if (!create_debug_messenger) {
            std::cerr << "failed to set up debug messenger!" << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        create_debug_messenger(instance, &msger_create_info, nullptr, &debug_messenger);
    }

    // create window surface
    VkSurfaceKHR surface;
    if (VkResult res = glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to create window surface, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // select physical device and queues
    auto [device, graphics_queue_family_index, presentation_queue_family_index, device_features] = [instance, surface]() {
        std::optional<VkPhysicalDevice> device;
        uint32_t res_graphics_queue_family_index, res_presentation_queue_family_index;
        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 res_features;

        uint32_t physical_devices_count;
        if (VkResult res = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physical_devices_count, nullptr); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to enumerate physical devices, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> physical_devices(physical_devices_count);
        if (VkResult res = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &physical_devices_count, physical_devices.data()); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to enumerate physical devices, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        if (physical_devices.empty()) {
            std::cerr << "failed to find physical devices with Vulkan support" << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        for (const auto& physical_device : physical_devices) {
            VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 properties{};
            properties.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2;
            vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(physical_device, &properties);

            VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 features{};
            features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2;
            vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physical_device, &features);

            // TODO: found a better name, too confusing with device_exts
            uint32_t ext_props_count;
            if (VkResult res = vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physical_device, nullptr, &ext_props_count, nullptr); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
                std::cerr << "failed to enumerate device extension properties, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
                std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> ext_props(ext_props_count);
            if (VkResult res = vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physical_device, nullptr, &ext_props_count, ext_props.data()); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
                std::cerr << "failed to enumerate device extension properties, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
                std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }

            uint32_t queue_family_properties_count;
            vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(physical_device, &queue_family_properties_count, nullptr);
            std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties2> queue_family_properties(queue_family_properties_count);
            for (auto& elt : queue_family_properties)
                elt.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUEUE_FAMILY_PROPERTIES_2;
            vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(physical_device, &queue_family_properties_count, queue_family_properties.data());

            std::cout << "structure type: " << string_VkStructureType(properties.sType) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "pNext: " << properties.pNext << std::endl;
            std::cout << "apiVersion: (variant " << VK_API_VERSION_VARIANT(properties.properties.apiVersion) << ") "
                << VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR(properties.properties.apiVersion)
                << "." << VK_API_VERSION_MINOR(properties.properties.apiVersion)
                << "." << VK_API_VERSION_PATCH(properties.properties.apiVersion)
                << std::endl;
            std::cout << "driverVersion: " << properties.properties.driverVersion << std::endl;
            std::cout << "vendorID: " << properties.properties.vendorID << std::endl;
            std::cout << "deviceID: " << properties.properties.deviceID << std::endl;
            std::cout << "deviceType: " << string_VkPhysicalDeviceType(properties.properties.deviceType) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "deviceName: " << properties.properties.deviceName << std::endl;
            // pipelineCacheUUID[VK_UUID_SIZE]
            // limits
            std::cout << "sparseProperties:" << std::endl;
            std::cout << std::boolalpha;
            std::cout << "  residencyStandard2DBlockShape: " << static_cast<bool>(properties.properties.sparseProperties.residencyStandard2DBlockShape) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  residencyStandard2DMultisampleBlockShape: "
                << static_cast<bool>(properties.properties.sparseProperties.residencyStandard2DMultisampleBlockShape) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  residencyStandard3DBlockShape: " << static_cast<bool>(properties.properties.sparseProperties.residencyStandard3DBlockShape) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  residencyAlignedMipSize: " << static_cast<bool>(properties.properties.sparseProperties.residencyAlignedMipSize) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  residencyNonResidentStrict: " << static_cast<bool>(properties.properties.sparseProperties.residencyNonResidentStrict) << std::endl;
            std::cout << std::noboolalpha;
            std::cout << "features:" << std::endl;
            std::cout << std::boolalpha;
            std::cout << "  robustBufferAccess: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.robustBufferAccess) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  fullDrawIndexUint32: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.fullDrawIndexUint32) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  imageCubeArray: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.imageCubeArray) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  independentBlend: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.independentBlend) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  geometryShader: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.geometryShader) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  tessellationShader: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.tessellationShader) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  sampleRateShading: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.sampleRateShading) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  dualSrcBlend: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.dualSrcBlend) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  logicOp: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.logicOp) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  multiDrawIndirect: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.multiDrawIndirect) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  drawIndirectFirstInstance: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.drawIndirectFirstInstance) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  depthClamp: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.depthClamp) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  depthBiasClamp: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.depthBiasClamp) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  fillModeNonSolid: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.fillModeNonSolid) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  depthBounds: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.depthBounds) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  wideLines: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.wideLines) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  largePoints: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.largePoints) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  alphaToOne: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.alphaToOne) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  multiViewport: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.multiViewport) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  samplerAnisotropy: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.samplerAnisotropy) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  textureCompressionETC2: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.textureCompressionETC2) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  textureCompressionASTC_LDR: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.textureCompressionASTC_LDR) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  textureCompressionBC: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.textureCompressionBC) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  occlusionQueryPrecise: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.occlusionQueryPrecise) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  pipelineStatisticsQuery: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.pipelineStatisticsQuery) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  fragmentStoresAndAtomics: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.fragmentStoresAndAtomics) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderTessellationAndGeometryPointSize: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderTessellationAndGeometryPointSize) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderImageGatherExtended: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderImageGatherExtended) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderStorageImageMultisample: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderStorageImageMultisample) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderUniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderUniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderStorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderStorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderStorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderStorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderClipDistance: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderClipDistance) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderCullDistance: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderCullDistance) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderFloat64: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderFloat64) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderInt64: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderInt64) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderInt16: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderInt16) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderResourceResidency: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderResourceResidency) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  shaderResourceMinLod: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.shaderResourceMinLod) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  sparseBinding: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.sparseBinding) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  sparseResidencyBuffer: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.sparseResidencyBuffer) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  sparseResidencyImage2D: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.sparseResidencyImage2D) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  sparseResidencyImage3D: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.sparseResidencyImage3D) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  sparseResidency2Samples: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.sparseResidency2Samples) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  sparseResidency4Samples: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.sparseResidency4Samples) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  sparseResidency8Samples: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.sparseResidency8Samples) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  sparseResidency16Samples: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.sparseResidency16Samples) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  sparseResidencyAliased: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.sparseResidencyAliased) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  variableMultisampleRate: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.variableMultisampleRate) << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  inheritedQueries: " << static_cast<bool>(features.features.inheritedQueries) << std::endl;
            std::cout << std::noboolalpha;
            std::cout << "extensions:" << std::endl;
            for (const auto& ext : ext_props) {
                std::cout
                    << (std::ranges::find_if(device_exts, [ext_name=ext.extensionName](const auto& device_ext) { return strcmp(ext_name, device_ext) == 0; })
                        != device_exts.end() ? "*" : " ");
                std::cout << " " << ext.extensionName << std::endl;
            }

            auto [graphics_queue_family_index, presentation_queue_family_index] = find_queue_family_indices(physical_device, queue_family_properties, surface);
            std::cout << "graphics queue family index: ";
            if (graphics_queue_family_index)
                std::cout << *graphics_queue_family_index;
            else
                std::cout << "none";
            std::cout << std::endl;
            std::cout << "presentation queue family index: ";
            if (presentation_queue_family_index)
                std::cout << *presentation_queue_family_index;
            else
                std::cout << "none";
            std::cout << std::endl;

            bool is_suitable = [&properties, &queue_family_properties, &ext_props, &graphics_queue_family_index, &presentation_queue_family_index]() {
                if (VK_API_VERSION_VARIANT(properties.properties.apiVersion) != 0
                        || properties.properties.apiVersion < VK_API_VERSION_1_4)
                    return false;
                if (!graphics_queue_family_index || !presentation_queue_family_index)
                    return false;
                if (std::ranges::find_if_not(device_exts, [&ext_props](const auto& device_ext) {
                            return std::ranges::find_if(ext_props,
                                    [device_ext](const auto& ext_prop) { return strcmp(ext_prop.extensionName, device_ext) == 0; })
                                != ext_props.end();
                        }) != device_exts.end())
                    return false;
                return true;
            }();
            std::cout << "is_suitable: " << std::boolalpha << is_suitable << std::noboolalpha;
            if (!device && is_suitable) {
                std::cout << " (picking this one)";
                device = physical_device;
                res_graphics_queue_family_index = *graphics_queue_family_index;
                res_presentation_queue_family_index = *presentation_queue_family_index;
                res_features = features;
            }
            std::cout << std::endl;
        }

        if (!device) {
            std::cerr << "no suitable physical device found" << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        return std::tuple<VkPhysicalDevice, uint32_t, uint32_t, VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2>
                { *device, res_graphics_queue_family_index, res_presentation_queue_family_index, res_features };
    }();

    // TODO: We only create the graphics queue, I don't know if we have to also create the
    // presentation queue. They don't create it in the official Vulkan tutorial, but it might cause
    // a bug on some rare platforms where there is no queue that's both graphics and presentation.
    // IDK.
    float queue_priority = .5f;
    VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo deviceQueueCreateInfo{};
    deviceQueueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = graphics_queue_family_index;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queue_priority;

    VkDeviceCreateInfo device_create_info{};
    device_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
    device_create_info.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;
    device_create_info.pQueueCreateInfos = &deviceQueueCreateInfo;
    device_create_info.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(device_exts.size());
    device_create_info.ppEnabledExtensionNames = device_exts.data();
    // we get device features while selecting the physical device
    device_create_info.pNext = &device_features;

    VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features device_vk13_features{};
    device_vk13_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_FEATURES;
    device_vk13_features.synchronization2 = VK_TRUE;
    device_vk13_features.dynamicRendering = VK_TRUE;
    device_features.pNext = &device_vk13_features;

    VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedDynamicStateFeaturesEXT device_eds_features{};
    device_eds_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTENDED_DYNAMIC_STATE_FEATURES_EXT;
    device_eds_features.extendedDynamicState = VK_TRUE;
    device_vk13_features.pNext = &device_eds_features;

    // TODO: rename to just "device", and rename "device" to "physical_device"
    VkDevice logical_device;
    if (VkResult res = vkCreateDevice(device, &device_create_info, nullptr, &logical_device); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to create device: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    VkQueue graphics_queue;
    vkGetDeviceQueue(logical_device, graphics_queue_family_index, 0, &graphics_queue);

    VkQueue presentation_queue;
    vkGetDeviceQueue(logical_device, presentation_queue_family_index, 0, &presentation_queue);

    // create swap chain
    // TODO: should probably use version 2 of theses functions, but glfwCreateWindowSurface return
    // version 1, so for now we will use version 1
    VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR surface_capabilities;
    if (VkResult res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &surface_capabilities); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to get physical device surface capabilities, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    VkExtent2D swapchain_extent = [surface_capabilities, window]() {
        if (surface_capabilities.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
            return surface_capabilities.currentExtent;
        int width, height;
        glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
        return VkExtent2D{
            .width  = std::clamp(static_cast<uint32_t>(width),  surface_capabilities.minImageExtent.width,  surface_capabilities.maxImageExtent.width),
            .height = std::clamp(static_cast<uint32_t>(height), surface_capabilities.minImageExtent.height, surface_capabilities.maxImageExtent.height),
        };
    }();

    VkSurfaceFormatKHR surface_format = [device, surface]() {
        uint32_t surface_formats_count;
        if (VkResult res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &surface_formats_count, nullptr); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to get physical device surface formats, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> surface_formats(surface_formats_count);
        if (VkResult res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &surface_formats_count, surface_formats.data()); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to get physical device surface formats, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        for (const auto& surface_format : surface_formats) {
            if (surface_format.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB
                    && surface_format.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR)
                return surface_format;
        }

        // not found
        std::cerr << "surface format not found (VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SRGB and VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR)" << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }();

    VkPresentModeKHR present_mode = [device, surface]() {
        uint32_t present_modes_count;
        if (VkResult res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &present_modes_count, nullptr); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to get physical device present modes, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> present_modes(present_modes_count);
        if (VkResult res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &present_modes_count, present_modes.data()); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to get physical device present modes, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        for (const auto& present_mode : present_modes)
            if (present_mode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR)
                return present_mode;

        return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
    }();

    // TODO: remove unnecessary static_cast<uint32_t>, but at this moment I'm not sure where they
    // are necessary
    uint32_t min_image_count = std::max(static_cast<uint32_t>(3), surface_capabilities.minImageCount + static_cast<uint32_t>(1));
    if (surface_capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && surface_capabilities.maxImageCount < min_image_count)
        min_image_count = surface_capabilities.maxImageCount;

    // might not be used, but if we do, we have to keep it in memory until the call to vkCreateSwapchainKHR()
    std::array<uint32_t, 2> queue_family_indices;
    VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapchain_create_info{};
    swapchain_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
    swapchain_create_info.flags = VkSwapchainCreateFlagsKHR{};
    swapchain_create_info.surface = surface;
    swapchain_create_info.minImageCount = min_image_count;
    swapchain_create_info.imageFormat = surface_format.format;
    swapchain_create_info.imageColorSpace = surface_format.colorSpace;
    swapchain_create_info.imageExtent = swapchain_extent;
    swapchain_create_info.imageArrayLayers = 1;
    swapchain_create_info.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
    swapchain_create_info.preTransform = surface_capabilities.currentTransform;
    swapchain_create_info.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
    swapchain_create_info.presentMode = present_mode;
    swapchain_create_info.clipped = VK_TRUE;
    if (graphics_queue_family_index == presentation_queue_family_index) {
        swapchain_create_info.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    } else {
        swapchain_create_info.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
        queue_family_indices[0] = graphics_queue_family_index;
        queue_family_indices[1] = presentation_queue_family_index;
        swapchain_create_info.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
        swapchain_create_info.pQueueFamilyIndices = queue_family_indices.data();
    }

    VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
    if (VkResult res = vkCreateSwapchainKHR(logical_device, &swapchain_create_info, nullptr, &swapchain); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed create swapchain, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    uint32_t swapchain_imgs_count;
    if (VkResult res = vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(logical_device, swapchain, &swapchain_imgs_count, nullptr); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to get swapchain images, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    std::vector<VkImage> swapchain_imgs(swapchain_imgs_count);
    if (VkResult res = vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(logical_device, swapchain, &swapchain_imgs_count, swapchain_imgs.data()); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to get swapchain images, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    std::vector<VkImageView> swapchain_img_views(swapchain_imgs.size());
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < swapchain_imgs.size(); i++) {
        VkImageViewCreateInfo img_view_create_info {
            .sType            = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
            .pNext            = {},
            .flags            = {},
            .image            = swapchain_imgs[i],
            .viewType         = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
            .format           = surface_format.format,
            .components       = {},
            .subresourceRange = { // VkImageSubresourceRange
                .aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                .baseMipLevel   = 0,
                .levelCount     = 1,
                .baseArrayLayer = 0,
                .layerCount     = 1,
            },
        };
        if (VkResult res = vkCreateImageView(logical_device, &img_view_create_info, nullptr, &swapchain_img_views[i]); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to create image view, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

    // reading shader file
    VkShaderModule shader_module;
    {
        // shader code has to be 32-bits aligned, which is the case with the default allocator
        std::vector<char> shader_code;
        {
            const char* shader_file_name = SHADERSDIR "/shader.spv";
            std::ifstream shader_file(shader_file_name, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);
            if (!shader_file.is_open()) {
                std::cerr << "file `" << shader_file_name << "'not found" << std::endl; // TODO: improve
                std::exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
            }
            shader_code.resize(shader_file.tellg());
            shader_file.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
            shader_file.read(shader_code.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(shader_code.size()));
        }

        VkShaderModuleCreateInfo shader_module_create_info {
            .sType    = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
            .pNext    = nullptr,
            .flags    = {},
            .codeSize = shader_code.size(),
            .pCode    = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(shader_code.data()),
        };
        if (VkResult res = vkCreateShaderModule(logical_device, &shader_module_create_info, nullptr, &shader_module); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to create shader module, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

    std::array pl_shader_stage_create_infos {
        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
            .sType               = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
            .pNext               = nullptr,
            .flags               = {},
            .stage               = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
            .module              = shader_module,
            .pName               = "vert_main",
            .pSpecializationInfo = nullptr,
        },
        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
            .sType               = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
            .pNext               = nullptr,
            .flags               = {},
            .stage               = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
            .module              = shader_module,
            .pName               = "frag_main",
            .pSpecializationInfo = nullptr,
        },
    };

    std::array<VkDynamicState, 2> dynamic_states {
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR,
    };
    VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo pl_dyn_state_create_info {
        .sType             = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext             = nullptr,
        .flags             = {},
        .dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamic_states.size()),
        .pDynamicStates     = dynamic_states.data(),
    };

    VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo pl_vert_in_state_create_info {
        .sType                           = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext                           = nullptr,
        .flags                           = {},
        .vertexBindingDescriptionCount   = 0,
        .pVertexBindingDescriptions      = nullptr,
        .vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0,
        .pVertexAttributeDescriptions    = nullptr,
    };

    VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo pl_in_asm_state_create_info {
        .sType                  = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext                  = nullptr,
        .flags                  = {},
        .topology               = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
        .primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE,
    };

    VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo pl_viewport_state_create_info {
        .sType         = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext         = nullptr,
        .flags         = {},
        .viewportCount = 1,
        .pViewports    = {},
        .scissorCount  = 1,
        .pScissors     = {},
    };

    VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo pl_raster_state_create_info {
        .sType                   = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext                   = nullptr,
        .flags                   = {},
        .depthClampEnable        = VK_FALSE,
        .rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE,
        .polygonMode             = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
        .cullMode                = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
        .frontFace               = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE,
        .depthBiasEnable         = VK_FALSE,
        .depthBiasConstantFactor = {},
        .depthBiasClamp          = {},
        .depthBiasSlopeFactor    = {},
        .lineWidth               = 1.f,
    };

    VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo pl_ms_state_create_info {
        .sType                 = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext                 = nullptr,
        .flags                 = {},
        .rasterizationSamples  = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
        .sampleShadingEnable   = VK_FALSE,
        .minSampleShading      = {},
        .pSampleMask           = {},
        .alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE,
        .alphaToOneEnable      = VK_FALSE,
    };

    VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState pl_col_blend_attachment_state {
        .blendEnable         = VK_FALSE,
        .srcColorBlendFactor = {},
        .dstColorBlendFactor = {},
        .colorBlendOp        = {},
        .srcAlphaBlendFactor = {},
        .dstAlphaBlendFactor = {},
        .alphaBlendOp        = {},
        .colorWriteMask      =   VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT
                               | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT
                               | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT
                               | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT,
    };

    VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo pl_col_blend_state_create_info {
        .sType           = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext           = nullptr,
        .flags           = {},
        .logicOpEnable   = VK_FALSE,
        .logicOp         = {},
        .attachmentCount = 1,
        .pAttachments    = &pl_col_blend_attachment_state,
        .blendConstants  = { 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f },
    };

    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pl_layout_create_info {
        .sType                  = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext                  = nullptr,
        .flags                  = {},
        .setLayoutCount         = 0,
        .pSetLayouts            = {},
        .pushConstantRangeCount = 0,
        .pPushConstantRanges    = {},
    };

    VkPipelineLayout pl_layout;
    if (VkResult res = vkCreatePipelineLayout(logical_device, &pl_layout_create_info, nullptr, &pl_layout); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to create pipeline layout, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo pl_render_create_info {
        .sType                   = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RENDERING_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext                   = nullptr,
        .viewMask                = {},
        .colorAttachmentCount    = 1,
        .pColorAttachmentFormats = &surface_format.format,
        .depthAttachmentFormat   = {},
        .stencilAttachmentFormat = {},
    };

    VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo graphics_pl_create_info {
        .sType               = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext               = &pl_render_create_info,
        .flags               = {},
        .stageCount          = 2,
        .pStages             = pl_shader_stage_create_infos.data(),
        .pVertexInputState   = &pl_vert_in_state_create_info,
        .pInputAssemblyState = &pl_in_asm_state_create_info,
        .pTessellationState  = {},
        .pViewportState      = &pl_viewport_state_create_info,
        .pRasterizationState = &pl_raster_state_create_info,
        .pMultisampleState   = &pl_ms_state_create_info,
        .pDepthStencilState  = {},
        .pColorBlendState    = &pl_col_blend_state_create_info,
        .pDynamicState       = &pl_dyn_state_create_info,
        .layout              = pl_layout,
        .renderPass          = nullptr,
        .subpass             = {},
        .basePipelineHandle  = {},
        .basePipelineIndex   = {},
    };

    VkPipeline graphics_pl;
    if (VkResult res = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(logical_device, nullptr, 1, &graphics_pl_create_info, nullptr, &graphics_pl); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to pipeline, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // destroy when pipeline creation is finished
    vkDestroyShaderModule(logical_device, shader_module, nullptr);

    VkCommandPoolCreateInfo cmd_pool_ci {
        .sType            = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext            = nullptr,
        .flags            = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT,
        .queueFamilyIndex = graphics_queue_family_index,
    };
    VkCommandPool cmd_pool;
    if (VkResult res = vkCreateCommandPool(logical_device, &cmd_pool_ci, nullptr, &cmd_pool); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to create command pool, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmd_buf_ai {
        .sType              = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
        .pNext              = nullptr,
        .commandPool        = cmd_pool,
        .level              = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
        .commandBufferCount = 1,
    };
    VkCommandBuffer cmd_buf;
    if (VkResult res = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(logical_device, &cmd_buf_ai, &cmd_buf); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to allocate command buffer, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // create sync objects
    VkSemaphore sem_present_complete, sem_render_finished;
    VkFence fence_draw;

    // TODO: I don't know if I have to use 2 different VkSemaphoreCreateInfo, but for now, let's do
    // this so we're sure it'll work
    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo sem_present_complete_ci {
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
        .flags = {},
    };
    if (VkResult res = vkCreateSemaphore(logical_device, &sem_present_complete_ci, nullptr, &sem_present_complete); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to create present complete semaphore, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    std::cout << "sem_present_complete: " << sem_present_complete << std::endl;
    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo sem_render_finished_ci {
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
        .flags = {},
    };
    if (VkResult res = vkCreateSemaphore(logical_device, &sem_render_finished_ci, nullptr, &sem_render_finished); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to create render finished semaphore, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    std::cout << "sem_render_finished: " << sem_render_finished << std::endl;

    VkFenceCreateInfo fence_draw_ci {
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
        .flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT,
    };
    if (VkResult res = vkCreateFence(logical_device, &fence_draw_ci, nullptr, &fence_draw); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to create draw semaphore, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    std::cout << "fence_draw: " << fence_draw << std::endl;

    // main loop
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        glfwPollEvents();

        if (VkResult res = vkQueueWaitIdle(graphics_queue); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to wait idle for graphics queue, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        uint32_t img_idx;
        if (VkResult res = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(logical_device, swapchain,
                    std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(), sem_present_complete, nullptr, &img_idx); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to acquire next image, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        // record command buffer
        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmd_buf_bi {
            .sType            = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
            .pNext            = nullptr,
            .flags            = {},
            .pInheritanceInfo = {},
        };
        if (VkResult res = vkBeginCommandBuffer(cmd_buf, &cmd_buf_bi); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to begin command buffer, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        transition_image_layout(cmd_buf, swapchain_imgs[img_idx],
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
            {}, VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT);
        VkClearValue clear_val { .color = { .float32 = { 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f } }, };
        VkRenderingAttachmentInfo attachment_info {
            .sType              = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_ATTACHMENT_INFO,
            .pNext              = nullptr,
            .imageView          = swapchain_img_views[img_idx],
            .imageLayout        = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
            .resolveMode        = {},
            .resolveImageView   = {},
            .resolveImageLayout = {},
            .loadOp             = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
            .storeOp            = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
            .clearValue         = clear_val,
        };
        VkRenderingInfo render_info {
            .sType                = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_INFO,
            .pNext                = nullptr,
            .flags                = {},
            .renderArea           = { .offset { 0, 0 }, .extent = swapchain_extent },
            .layerCount           = 1,
            .viewMask             = {},
            .colorAttachmentCount = 1,
            .pColorAttachments    = &attachment_info,
            .pDepthAttachment     = {},
            .pStencilAttachment   = {},
        };
        vkCmdBeginRendering(cmd_buf, &render_info);
        vkCmdBindPipeline(cmd_buf, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, graphics_pl);

        VkViewport viewport {
            .x        = 0.f,
            .y        = 0.f,
            .width    = static_cast<float>(swapchain_extent.width),
            .height   = static_cast<float>(swapchain_extent.height),
            .minDepth = 0.f,
            .maxDepth = 1.f,
        };
        vkCmdSetViewport(cmd_buf, 0, 1, &viewport);

        VkRect2D scissor {
            .offset = { 0, 0 },
            .extent = swapchain_extent,
        };
        vkCmdSetScissor(cmd_buf, 0, 1, &scissor);

        vkCmdDraw(cmd_buf, 3, 1, 0, 0);

        vkCmdEndRendering(cmd_buf);

        transition_image_layout(cmd_buf, swapchain_imgs[img_idx],
            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
            VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT, {},
            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT);

        if (VkResult res = vkEndCommandBuffer(cmd_buf); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to end command buffer, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        if (VkResult res = vkResetFences(logical_device, 1, &fence_draw); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to reset draw fence, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        VkPipelineStageFlags pl_stage_flags = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
        VkSubmitInfo submit_info {
            .sType                = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
            .pNext                = nullptr,
            .waitSemaphoreCount   = 1,
            .pWaitSemaphores      = &sem_present_complete,
            .pWaitDstStageMask    = &pl_stage_flags,
            .commandBufferCount   = 1,
            .pCommandBuffers      = &cmd_buf,
            .signalSemaphoreCount = 1,
            .pSignalSemaphores    = &sem_render_finished,
        };
        if (VkResult res = vkQueueSubmit(graphics_queue, 1, &submit_info, fence_draw); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to submit queue, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        if (VkResult res = vkWaitForFences(logical_device, 1, &fence_draw, VK_TRUE, std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to wait for draw fence, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        VkPresentInfoKHR present_info {
            .sType              = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
            .pNext              = nullptr,
            .waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
            .pWaitSemaphores    = &sem_render_finished,
            .swapchainCount     = 1,
            .pSwapchains        = &swapchain,
            .pImageIndices      = &img_idx,
            .pResults           = nullptr,
        };
        if (VkResult res = vkQueuePresentKHR(presentation_queue, &present_info); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
            std::cerr << "failed to present, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

    if (VkResult res = vkDeviceWaitIdle(logical_device); res != VK_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << "failed to wait idle for device, error code: " << string_VkResult(res) << std::endl;
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // cleanup
    vkDestroyFence(logical_device, fence_draw, nullptr);
    vkDestroySemaphore(logical_device, sem_render_finished, nullptr);
    vkDestroySemaphore(logical_device, sem_present_complete, nullptr);
    vkDestroyCommandPool(logical_device, cmd_pool, nullptr);
    vkDestroyPipeline(logical_device, graphics_pl, nullptr);
    vkDestroyPipelineLayout(logical_device, pl_layout, nullptr);
    for (const auto img_view : swapchain_img_views)
        vkDestroyImageView(logical_device, img_view, nullptr);
    vkDestroySwapchainKHR(logical_device, swapchain, nullptr);
    vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);
    vkDestroyDevice(logical_device, nullptr);

    if (enable_validation_layers) {
        auto destroy_debug_messenger = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
        if (!destroy_debug_messenger) {
            std::cerr << "failed to destroy debug messenger!" << std::endl;
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        destroy_debug_messenger(instance, debug_messenger, nullptr);
    }

    vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);
    glfwDestroyWindow(window);
    glfwTerminate();

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

static std::vector<std::string_view> convert_args(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    std::vector<std::string_view> args(argc);
    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++)
        args[i] = argv[i];
    return args;
}

static void parse_args(const std::vector<std::string_view>& args, int& mode) {
    for (auto args_iter = std::next(args.begin()); args_iter != args.end(); args_iter++) {
        const auto& arg = *args_iter;
        if (arg.size() >= 1 && arg[0] == '-') {
            if (arg.size() >= 2 && arg[1] == '-') {
                auto long_opt = arg.substr(2);
                if (long_opt == "help") {
                    mode = MODE_HELP;
                } else if (long_opt == "term") {
                    mode = MODE_TERM;
                } else if (long_opt == "graphical") {
                    mode = MODE_GRAPHICAL;
                } else {
                    std::cerr << "Error: Unexpected option `--" << long_opt << "'." << std::endl;
                    usage_error_exit();
                }
            } else {
                std::size_t arg_len = arg.size();
                if (arg_len == 1) {
                    std::cerr << "Error: Unexpected argument `-'." << std::endl;
                    usage_error_exit();
                }
                for (auto arg_iter = std::next(arg.begin()); arg_iter != arg.end(); arg_iter++) {
                    const auto& opt = *arg_iter;
                    switch (opt) {
                    case 'h':
                        mode = MODE_HELP;
                        break;
                    case 't':
                        mode = MODE_TERM;
                        break;
                    case 'g':
                        mode = MODE_GRAPHICAL;
                        break;
                    default:
                        std::cerr << "Error: Unexpected option `-" << opt << "'." << std::endl;
                        usage_error_exit();
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            std::cerr << "Error: Unexpected argument `" << arg << "'." << std::endl;
            usage_error_exit();
        }
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    int mode = MODE_GRAPHICAL;
    parse_args(convert_args(argc, argv), mode);
    switch (mode) {
    case MODE_HELP:
        print_usage(std::cout);
        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
    case MODE_TERM:
#ifdef HAVE_NCURSES
        return main_term();
#else
        std::cerr << "Error: ncurses was not enabled during compilation." << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
#endif
    case MODE_GRAPHICAL:
        return main_graphical();
    default:
        std::unreachable();
    }
}